muwZ kdIm qoN awj qwk 'zrwÊË' dI vrqoN ivÈyÈ krky mnuwK dy Bly leI hI kIqI geI hY pr asl ivwc jdoN qoN zrwgË dI durvrqoN nÈf prfpq krn leI afrMB hoeI hY, Aus smyN qoN hI ishq dy rfKy kuwJ iËafdf icMqq huMidaF ieh socx leI mËbUr hoey hn ik 'zrwÊË dI vrqoN vrdfn hY ik srfp'. kuwJ loVINdy qwQF df iËkr kridaF, hwQlI ivcfr iesy guwQI dy sulJf df iewk Xqn mfqr hY.

'zrwg' iek bhu-arQf Èbd hY pr muwK rUp ivc 'zrwg' df arQ dvfeI, dvfeIaF bxfAux ivc vriqaf jfx vflf pdfrQ, nINd ilafAux vflI dvfeI jF byhoÈ krn vflI dvfeI ilaf jFdf hY. 'zrwg' Èbd aijhIaF golIaF jF Gol leI vI vriqaf jFdf hY ijs rfhIN drd GtfeI jf sky jF nINd ilafeI jf sky. cyqnhInqf pYdf krn vfly pdfrQ AnAesthetic (aYnisQYitk) vI 'zrwg' hI kihlfAuNdy hn ijhnF dI vrqoN afpryÈn afid krn leI kIqI jFdI hY.

mYzIkl ivigafn ny zrwÊË dy lfBdfiek aqy Kqrnfk pihlUaF nUM ivcfridaF kfPI Koj-pVqfl kIqI hY. zrwÊË dI vrqoN---Èfied durvrqoN kihxf iËafdf TIk rhygf---AuprMq imldy pRBfvF dy afDfr qy zf: nfrmn iemlfh ny 'pRclq zrwÊË dy pRXog' kfrn iehnF dI vMz kuwJ iesqrHF kIqI hY:

(1) nfrkoitkË,
(2) sitmUlYNts,
(3) sIzyitvË,
(4) aYnkisAUlYitkË,
(5) prsYpcUeyl izstOrtrË,
(6) trYNkUlfeIËr
(7) aYNtI izprYsMt,
aqy (8) alkohl.

pihly iksm dI zrwÊË nfrkOitkË hY. nfrkOitkË aijhI zrwÊË nUM kihMdy hn ijsdI shfieqf nfl idmfg dI kfrj pRxflI rokI jFdI hY aqy kyNdrI nrvs isstm nUM ÈFq kIqf jFdf hY. ies nfl drd nUM dbfieaf jFdf hY. kfnUMnI qOr qy kokIn nUM nfrkoitkË imiQaf igaf hY.

zfktrI prXog leI zrwÊË dI afm vrqoN kIqI jFdI hY. nfrkoitkË ivwc aPIm, mOrPfeIn, hYroien aqy kozIn afAuNdI hY. kwcI aPIm, posq Bfv pOpI qoN bxdI hY. mOrPIn, aPIm dI alklfeIz hY. hYroien, mOriPn qoN prfpq kIqI jFdI hY. hYroien nfl idmfg nUM cMgf hox df JOlf pYNdf hY aqy sihx ÈkqI qyËI nfl vwDdI hY. kozIn (drd dI dvf) vI mOriPn qoN hI bxdI hY. lYbfrtrI ivwc ÊYr-kudrqI ZMg (isnQYitk qOr qy) nfl iqafr kIqI jfx vflI nfrkOitkË ivwc pYQIzfeIn aqy mYQfzon pRiswD hn. hYroien aqy mOriPn dy amlIaF dy suDfr leI mYQfzon df pRXog kIqf jFdf hY.

dUjy iksm dI zrwÊË Auqyjnf dyx vflI Bfv 'sitmUlYNts' hY.ieh idmfg aqy nrvs isstm nUM iswDI Auqyjnf dyx vflIaF zrÊË hn. iehnF nUM 'pYp-iplË' vI ikhf jFdf hY. iehnF df pRBfv tOink vflf huMdf hY aqy ieh jfigRq avsQf aqy cusqI pYdf krdIaF hn.aYNPItymfeInË 1930 ivwc KojI geI. imQfeIl aYNPItymfeIn ieMjYkÈn (sUeIaF) dyx leI vriqaf jfx vflf qrl pdfrQ hY. iznmYtrfjIn, aYNPItymfeInË vrgf hI pRBfv rwKdf hY pr brqfnIaf ivwc iesdI vrqoN BuwK rokx aqy Bfr GtfAux leI kIqI jFdI hY.

'kokyn' qy 'Kt' vI ies hI kYtfgrI ivwc afAuNdIaF hn. kokyn 1885 ivwc lwBI geI. ieh kokf dy pwiqaF qoN prfpq kIqI jFdI hY. iewQy Èfied ieh dwsxf vI kuQFh nf hovy ik 'pYrU'dy rihx vfly nÈf prfpq krn leI kokf pOdy dy hry pwqy cwibaf krdy sn aqy awj vI krdy hn. iesdy nfl hI Auh afpxy muridaF nUM dPnfAux smyN AuhnF dy nfl hI kokf dy pwqy vI dwibaf krdy sn. awjkl kokf dy pwiqaF qoN iek qrHF df icwtf pfAUzr bxf ky vriqaf jFdf hY. ies pfAUzr df suafd BfvyN kOVf huMdf hY pr ies dy pRBfv nfl mnuwK dI Auqyjnf ivwc vfDf huMdf hY aqy mnuwK afpxy afp nUM pihlF nfloN vwD qfkqvr anuBv krdf hY. mnuwK inrBYqf nfl bhuqf bolxf afrMB idMdf hY. ieMJ hI kokyn nfl imldI juwldI iewk hor bUtI 'kfQf aYzUils' dI vrqoN aPrIkf aqy arybIaf ivwc vI kIqI jFdI hY. kokyn vFg hI, ies pOdy dy pwqy cbfey jFdy hn. iesdf pRBfv vI srIrk qfkq ivwc vfDy vjoN, cOkMnqf, BuwK aqy QkyvyN qoN mukqI vrgI Bfvnf vflf hI huMdf hY.

qIjI iksm dIaf zrwÊË nINd jF byhoÈI leI dyx vflIaF huMdIaF hn. pihlI 'bfrbItIAUryts' 1903 ivwc lYbOrtrI ivwc iqafr kIqI geI. hux qwk 2000 qoN vI vwD iksmF dIaF 'bfrbItIAUryts' iqafr kIqIaF jf cuwkIaF hn. zfktrI vrqoN ivwc aj vI iehnF ivwcoN qIh dy krIb af rhIaF hn.

cOQI iksm dIaF zrwÊË sfDfrn ÈFqI dyx leI (Bfv mfeInr trYNkUlfeIËr) hn. ilbrIam, vylIam qy sYryinz-zI ies hI ÈRyxI dIaF hn. mYprobymyt nUM icMqf rog leI vriqaf jFdf hY.

pMjvIN iksm dI zrÊË soc nUM mroVn-qoVn vflI ÈkqI rwKdI hY. sUJ Auqy iesdf pRBfv ieMJ pYNdf hY ik mnuwK 'mUzI' bx ky supneI sMsfr ivwc puwjidaF vwK vwK iksm dIaF soJIaF, vrqfiraF aqy prCfivaF df anuwBv krdf hY. aYlaYszI,mYskylfeIn,sfeIlosoibn,kynyibs (BMg), afid ies hI ÈRyxI dIaF zrwÊË hn.kYnyibs (BMg) sB qoN iËafdf durvrqoN ivwc af rhI hY. brqfnIaf ivwc hux iesdI sfDfrn ijhI vrqoN nUM awKoN Auhly krn dI isPfrÈ kridaF puls nUM Cot idwqI geI hY ik Auh kYnyibs nUM dUjIaF zrÊË dy mukfbly BfvyN inguxf ijhf aprfD smJx. kYnyibs nUM hI hYÈihÈ, mfirEafnf, ieMzIan hYNp, BMg, gFjf, zfgf qy ikz vI kihMdy hn. iesdy slYNg Bfv ivgVy hoey nF 'rIPr', 'tI' aqy brqfnIaf ivwc 'pOt' vI hY.

kYnyibs nUM isgrt vFg pIqf jf skdf hY. AuNJ qrl bxf ky vI pIx leI vriqaf jFdf hY. hor qF hor srIr qy vI milaf jFdf hY. pMjfb aqy Bfrq dy hor keI sUibaF ivwc BMg Got ky pIqI jFdI hY jF iesdy pkOVy bxf ky KfDy jFdy hn.

gFjy dI vrqoN krn vflf ieMJ anuBwv krdf hY ijvyN ik Ausny koeI Koj kr leI hovy pr Auh afpxI lwBq nUM koeI Tos rUp nhIN dy pfAuNdf. Auh iek qrHF nfl afpUM DoKf KFidaF supinaF df afnMd prfpq krdf hY.
CyvIN ÈRyxI 'trYNkUlfeIËrË' dI hY. PYnoiQafËfeINnË, ibAUtroiznonË aqy rfAulPIaf ies iksm dIaF zrwÊË hn.

sqvIN iksm 'aYNtIizprYisMt' dI hY. ies dI afm ijhI, zfktrI dyKBfl aDIn, loVINdI vrqoN krn vflf, ies Auqy sd-inrBr rihx df afdI nhIN bxdf. AudfsI/icMqf iewk afm ibmfrI hY aqy iesdf ielfj iehnF zrÊË nfl kIqf jFdf hY.

awTvIN iksm dI zrÊË 'alkohl' hY. kI pwCm aqy kI pUrb, sMsfr dy lgpg sfry hI dyÈ aqy AuhnF dy vfsI 'Èrfb' nUM iewk siBak loV vjoN prvfn krdy nËr afAuNdy hn. pihlIaF drsfeIaF sfrIaF hI zrwÊË ivwcoN 'alkohl' ies kfrn vwKrI hY ik nf qF ieh ÊYr-kfnUMnI hI aqy nf hI ies Auqy koeI mYzIkl kMtrol hI hY. hF kihx nUM BfvyN kuJ iewk muslm dyÈF ivwc 'alkohl' Bfv 'Èrfb' dI mnfhI hY. 'alkohl' df smuwcf aMiqm pRBfv AudfsI vflf hY. AuNJ BfvyN pIx vfly afpxI AudfsI dUr krn leI hI pINdy khy jFdy hn. QoVI mfqrf ivwc pIqI hoeI Èrfb Auqsfhq vI kr skdI hY. ies ivwc 'nfrkoitkË' vflIaF KUbIaF hn.

hor vI bhuq sfrIaF nvIaF zrwÊË vrqoN ivwc hn. ieh sMKyp ijhf vyrvf dyx df mMqv ieho hI hY ik iehnF 'zrwÊË' dI zfktrI aihmIaq nUM smiJaf jf sky. afm aqy gMBIr ibmfrI smyN, srIr dI cIr-PfV krn aqy iBafnk ibmfrIaF dy nqIjy vjoN srIr dI asih pIVf dUr krn leI, ieh sfry zrwÊË, mnuwK nUM pIV muwkq krn ivwc shfeI ho skdy hn. pr jykr mnuwK pihlF hI iehnF 'zrÊË' df afdI hovy qF iPr AusdI loVINdI zfktrI shfieqf ivwc ivGn pYx dI sMBfvnf hY. iesy hI kfrn hI afm krky 'zrwÊË' nUM iksy ivÈyÈ pRbMD hyT krn leI sMsfr pwDr qy smyN smyN isr Xqn huMdy rhy hn aqy awj vI ho rhy hn.

zrÊË dI durvrqoN aqy kMtrol leI Xqn:
mnuwK dI inwjI soc Auqy hI inrBr hY ik Auh zrwÊË nUM mnuwK dI hoNd leI ikvyN aqy ikMnf ku lfhyvMd smJdf hY. gwl qF sMdrB dI hY. jykr mYzIkl sfieMs dy Gyry aMdr rihMidaF mnuwK dIaF Kqrnfk ibmfrIaF dy ielfj leI vrqIaF jfx vflIaF zrwÊË dI gwl krdy hF qF inrsMdyh ieh lfhyvMdIaF hn. pr jdoN zrwÊË dI vrqoN nÈy leI kIqI jfvy qF ieh hfnIkfrk huMdIaF hn.'zrwÊË' dI durvrqoN hox kfrn hI zrwÊË Auqy kMtrol krn leI vI icrF qoN Xqn huMdy af rhy hn.

'zrwÊË ien mfzrn susfietI' df krqf zfktr nfrmn iemlfh iewk bhuq hI pqy dI gwl kihMdf hY: 'awj dy Xuwg ivwc idmfgI qOr qy ibmfr lokF dI afrogqf leI zrwÊË ny bhuq vwzf ihwsf pfieaf pr iesdy nfl hI sdIaF qoN hI zrwÊË dI durvrqoN ny sMsfr Br dy lokF ivwc duwK vI vDfey hn.'

zrwÊË Auqy iewk hor aQfrtI pRoPYsr kYNps kihMdf hY: 'zrwÊË rogIaF nUM afrogI aqy afrogIaF nUM rogI bxFAuNdf hY.' drasl ieh gwl vI shI hI hY ik zrwÊË aqy Ëurm ivckfr 'dfmn-colI' df sfQ hY. ieh 'dfmn-colI' df sfQ sMsfr dy lgpg sfiraF hI dyÈF dy smfjF ny Gwt jF vwD idwqf hY aqy Èfied agHF nUM vI AunF icr idMdy hI rihx jd qwk ik Auh pUrI qrHF jfigrq nhIN ho jFdy.

zrwgË dI purfqn vrqoN:
jIss kRfeIst dI afmd qoN pMj hËfr sfl pihlF vI aÌIm dI vrqoN 'smyrItnË' ny kIqI. pMjvIN sdI ivwc ihrOizts ny imsr ivc aÌIm dI vrqoN kIqI.

aÌIm aqy hYÈihÈ dI vrqoN sbMDI iËkr imiQaf khfxIaF ivwc vI imldf hY. ieh dfavf vI kIqf jFdf hY ik ieh hI Auh zrwg hY ijs dI vrqoN 'hYln afÌ trOey' ivwc kIqI geI. asih pIV nUM sihxXog bxfAux leI iesdI vrqoN Èrfb ivwc imlfky kIqI geI. iswty vjoN iesdf asr kuwJ aijhf huMdf sI ik iesdI vrqoN krn vflf mnuwK drd dI asih qy akih pIV vI dlyrI nfl jr lYNdf sI. jykr Ausdy afpxy puwqr jF Brf nUM hI Ausdy afpxy sfhmxy vwZ ky toty toty kr idqf jf irhf hovy qd vI duwK kfrn AusdIaF gwlHF qy iewk vI hMJ nf izgdI.

gRIk qy romn vYdF ny vI zrwÊË dI vrqoN 'afm' kIqI. 'ihpokRyts' ny pOpI dy jUs dI vrqoN ipÈfb nfl sbMDq ibmfrIaF leI kIqI. vrijl ny nINd ilafAux leI 'aÌIm' qy hYÈihÈ' dy pRXog sbMDI iËkr kIqf. arbI ivAupfrI aTvIN sdI ivwc aÌIm nUM cIn lY ky gey.

iewk cInI srjn 'hO tU' ny (115-205 eIsvI ivwc) afpryÈn krn leI 'mf zU ÈOn' nF dy zrwg dI vrqoN kIqI. drasl ieh zrwg 'kYnyibs' sI. kYnyibs, sMGxI kIqI hoeI BMg hI hY.

'kokIn' df iËkr pihlF vI kIqf hY. kokIn, kokf dy pwiqaF qoN prfpq kIqI jFdI hY pr ies sMdrB ivwc kuwJ hor kihxf vI bxdf hY. pYrU dy ieMzIanË (BfrqI nhIN) vloN mMnI jfx vflI iewk dyvI 'ienkfs' vloN ieh kokf dy pwqy, iewk qohPy Bfv ByNt vjoN idwqy gey dwsy jFdy hn. eIst aÌrIkf dy somflI lokF ivwc kokIn nfl hI imldy-juldy iewk pOdy dy pwiqaF nUM cwbx df asr kokIn dy pwiqaF vrgf hI hY. ies pOdy nUM 'Kwt' kihMdy hn. 'Kwt' ivwc 'aYNzItImfeIn' ivwcly rsfiex vFgur hI iewk pdfrQ huMdf hY.

mYksIko dy lokIN 'kYkts pyatl' (QohrF) qoN iewk iksm df nÈf prfpq krdy hn. XUrp ivwc iesdI afmd pMdrHvIN sdI ivwc hoeI aqy 1918 ivwc, ies ivwcoN 'mYskylIn' nF dI zrwg prfpq kIqI geI.

BfrqI bUtI 'rfAUlPIaf srpYtIaf' df idmfgI ibmfrI jF pfglpn Auqy ivÈyÈ asr huMdf hY. Bfrq ivwc idmfg dy 'kml' nUM ÈFq krn leI ies bUtI dy pwiqaF dI vrqoN keI sdIaF qwk huMdI rhI. Bfrq dy irÈIaF-muMnIaF aqy jogIaF ny vI iesdI vrqoN kIqI. zfktr nfrmn ny iewk itwpxI kridaF afiKaf hY ik mhfqmf gFDI ny afpxy mrn-vrqF smyN ies hI bUtI dI vrqoN krky nfmxf Kwitaf. ieMglYNz ivwc ieh bUtI 1952 ivwc ilaFdI geI aqy brqfnIaf ivwc vI iesdI vrqoN awj idmfg dy rogF dy ielfj leI kIqI jFdI hY.

sihjy hI smJ af jFdI hY ik muwZ kdIm qoN hI zrwÊË dI vrqoN iksy nf iksy rUp ivwc mnuwK dy Bly leI hI kIqI geI hY BfvyN ik ikqy ikqy iesdI vrqoN nÈy leI vI huMdI rhI hY. pr mYzIkl sfieMs dI icMqf zrÊË dI afm durvrqoN kfrn iËafdf vwDI hY aqy smyN smyN isr durvrqoN rokx leI Xqn huMdy rhy hn.

zrwÊË kMtrol leI huMdy Xqn:
afey idn smfcfr pwqr aijhIaF KbrF nfl Bry hoey imldy hn ik zwrg smglr PVy gey, zrwg vycx vfly jF zrwg dI durvrqoN krn vfilaF nUM sjfvF imlIaF. amrIkf vloN aPÊfinsqfn Auqy hmly sbMDI ieh mwd vI sunx ivwc afeI hY ik 'aPÊfinsqfn' aPIm dI kfÈq aqy smgilMg bMd kry. hflF ipwCy ijhy hI iewk iPlm aYktr qsvIr dy Prym rfhIN zrwg dI smgilMg krn qy sËf Kf igaf.

hux iewk srsrI Jfq AuhnF XqnF Auqy pfAuxI bxdI hY ijhnF sdkf 'zrwÊË' Auqy kuwJ pRqIbMD lgfAux dy Auprfly hoey. sMsfr pwDr qy zrwÊË Auqy iksy iksm df pRqIbMD (kMtrol) lfgU krn sbMDI pihlf Xqn 1912 ivwc 'hyg knvYnÈn' dy rUp ivwc hoieaf. ies df muwK mksd sI ik aMqr-rfÈtrI qOr qy 'nfrkoitkË' dy afdfn-pRdfn Auqy rok lgfeI jf sky. ies knvYnÈn dIaF mdF ieMnIaF KulHIaF aqy a-spÈt sn ik dsKq krn vfilaF Auqy iksy iksm dI bwJHvIN Èrq nhIN sI ik Auh ikvyN 'nfrkoitkË' Auqy kMtrol krngy. hF, afm iksm dIaF kuwJ gwlF prvfn kIqIaF geIaF ijvyN ik 'hr dyÈ afpxI ivwq anusfr koiÈÈ krygf.' bs, afrMB cMgf sI.

jdoN 1914 ivwc pihlI sMsfr jMg afrMB hoeI qF Cy dyÈ 'hyg knvYnÈn' dIaF mdF sbMDI iewk-muwT hoey. 1920 ivwc 'lIg afP nyÈn' dI pihlI bYTk ivwc aÌIm dI ÊYr-kfnUMnI vrqoN sbMDI 'EpIam aYzvfieËrI kmytI' nIaq kIqI geI. 1925 ivwc awTF mYNbr dyÈF Auqy inrBr pwky qOr Auqy iewk kMtrolL borz dI sQfpnf kIqI geI. 1931 ivwc hoeI 'ilmItyÈn knvYnÈn' dI mMg sI ik sfrIaF sbMDq srkfrF 'nfrkoitkË zrwÊË' dI Aupwj nMU hwd aMdr rwKxgIaF. 1936 ivwc hoeI cOQI knvYnÈn ny ÊYr-kfnUMnI zrwÊË dy afdfn pRdfn nUM aMqr-rfÈtrI ZMg df Ëurm krfr idwqf. dUjI vwzI jMg qoN bfad iesdI rok-Qfm dI sfrI iËmyvfrI nUM XUnfeItz nyÈn dI 'vrlwz hYlQ afrgynfeIjyÈn' dy hwQ dy idwqf igaf.

ies AuprMq 1961 ivwc iewk iewkihrI knvYnÈn Auqy nIAUXfrk ivwc dsKq kIqy gey. iesdI vrqoN 1964 ivwc afrMB hoeI. 'pwky kMtrol borz' dI QF hux 'aMqr-rfÈtrI nfrkoitkË borz' dI sQfpnf kIqI geI. ies knvYnÈn ivwc iewk bVf hI aihm PYslf ilaf igaf ik ÊYr-zfktrI vrqoN qoN ibnF nfrkoitkË dI vrqoN Auqy sMpUrn rok lfgU hovy. aÌIm, kokf dy pwqy aqy kYnyibs dI ÊYr-mYzIkl vrqoN kfnUMnI qOr Auqy bMd kIqI geI. ies nfl hI sMsfr dIaF ivigafnk aqy zfktrI loVF nUM muwK rwKidaF ikMnI 'nfrkoitkË' dI Aupwj kIqI jfvy ies sbMDI kotf isstm lfgU kIqf igaf. hYroien aqy kYnyibs nfl bxdy hor pdfrQF Auqy vI rok lgfeI geI. pr bdiksmqI nfl brqfnIaf iewk aijhf dyÈ hY ijhVf 'vrlz hYlQ afrgynfeIjyÈn' dIaF hYroien sbMDI iszfrÈF nUM pUrI qrHF mMnx qoN ieMnkfrI hY. brqfnIaf, kYnyibs dI Aupwj nUM vI iswDy-aiswDy ZMg nfl vDfvf hI idMdf af irhf lwgdf hY.

brqfnvI srkfr zrwÊË dy afdfn-pRdfn sbMDI kuwJ Kqrnfk ZMg dI hmdrdI Biraf vqIrf apnf cuwkI hY. zfktrI dyK-Bfl aDIn, zrwÊË dI vrqoN krn dy afdIaF nUM zrwÊË idwqIaF jFdIaF hn. brqfnvI 'gRih mMqRfly' pfs zrwÊË Kfx vfly amlIaF df iewk rijstr hY. 1968 qwk ies rijstr ivwc amlIaF leI afpxy nfm rijstr krvfAuxy koeI ËrUrI nhIN sn. 1968 dy 'zyNjrws zrwÊË aYkt' dy bx jfx AuprMq hYroien' sbMDI vI nrmI vrqI geI. hux zrwÊË dyx leI kuJ lfiesYNs Èudf zfktrF nUM ivÈyÈ mYzIkl kyNdrF ivwc aiDkfr idwqy gey hn. ieh aMqr-rfÈtrI kfnUMnF dI srfsr AulMGxf hI hY.

iewQy Èfied ieh dsxf vI kuQfh nhIN hovygf ik 1962 ivwc brqfnIaf ny 36 iklogrfm hYroien dI Aupj kIqI aqy 40 iklogrfm dI Kpq kIqI. cfr iklogrfm hYroien brqfnIaf ivwc iksy hor rsqy dfKl hoeI. 1964 ivwc 55 iklo dI Aupj hoeI aqy 50 iklo dI Kpq. 1959-1964 qwk brqfnIaf ny PrFs, bYlËIam, hOlYNz aqy purqgfl dI sFJI Kwpq nfloN cfr guxF vwD zrwÊË dI Kpq kIqI.

brqfnIaF ivwc kuwJ zfktrF ny qF sfrIaF hwdF bMny hI AulMG idwqy. 1962 ivwc iewk zfktr ny hYroien dIaF 6000,000 golIaF Bfv 6 iklogrfm dy dvfnfmy idwqy. iewk hor mOky Auqy iewk zfktr ny iewk amlI nUM 900 golIaF dI iewk prcI idwqI aqy iPr iqMn idnF bfad muV Ausy amlI nUM 600 golIaF dI iewk hor prcI idwqI. do hor zfktrF ny iewko smyN hI 1000-1000 golIaF dI iewk iewk prcI idwqI. awj vI ieh kRm jfrI hY.

kfnUMnI rokF ijMnIaF mrËI lwgI jfx pr amlIaF ny aml nhIN Cwzxf aqy zrwÊË dI Aupj jF smgilMg krnI jF ÊYr-kfnUMnI ZMg nfl vycxf Aus smyN qwk bMd nhIN krnf jdoN qwk lokIN 'zrÊË' dI mhwqqf nUM smJidaF iesdy Kqrnfk nqIijaF qoN BlI-BFiq jfxUM nf ho jfx.

brqfnIaf qoN ibnF hor dyÈF ivwc vI zrÊË sbMDI sÉq kfnUMn bxy hoey hn. keI muslm dyÈF ivwc qF srIr dy aMg qwk kwty jfx dIaF sËfvF hn. amrIkf ivwc sMsfr dy hr koxy qoN zrwÊË dI smgilMg huMdI hY. zrwÊË dI smgilMg bVI AucwI pwDr qy huMdI hY aqy ies df pRbMD aMqr-rfÈtrI aprfDIaF dIaF isMzIkytF vloN bVI cOksI nfl kIqf jFdf hY. sB qoN lfhyvMd aÌIm df ivAupfr hY. imzl eIst aqy pUrbI dyÈF ivwc iesdI Aupj huMdI hY aqy iPr kwcI aÌIm nfl lwgdy bfhrly dyÈF ivwc puwjdI hY ijwQy iesnUM KurdrI mOrPIn ivwc bdilaf jFdf hY. ies qrHF aÌIm qoN iesdf Bfr ds guxf Gwt jFdf hY.mOrPIn qoN hYroien ivwc qbdIlI bhuq hI kfrfgrI df kMm hY. ies leI mOrPIn nUM iksy hor dyÈ ivwc Byijaf jFdf hY ijwQy guwpq lYbfrtrIaF ivwc mOrPIn nUM hYroien ivwc bdilaf jFdf hY. Audfhrn vjoN iewk ikafs hY ik Èfied aPgfinsqfn jF trkI qoN prfpq kwcI aPIm Èfied lYbnfn smgl kIqI jFdI hovy ijwQy iesnUM KurdrI mOrPIn ivwc bdl ky mfrsylË dIaF guwpq lYbfrtrIaF ivwc hYroien ivwc qbdIl krky amrIkf phuMcfieaf jFdf hovy.

dr-asl zrwÊË dI lVIvfr smgilMg nUM qoVnf koeI sihj jF sfdf kMm nhIN. suafd rihq, rMg rihq, sugMD rihq aYlaYszI dI qF iewk bUMd hI bhuq pRBfvÈflI hY. smgilMg krn vfly qF iesnUM lPfPy qy lwgy zfk-itkt hyTF lwgI hoeI gUMd ivwc hI smgl kr idMdy hn. puls hwQ aijhy byigxq Kwq afey hn ijhnF ivwc lukfeI hoeI zrwÊË imlI.

zrwÊË dI rokQfm leI ËrUrI hY ik iesdI vrqoN krn vfilaF nUM iesdy Kqrnfk iswitaF qoN cMgI qrHF jfxU krvfieaf jfvy. iesdy nfl hI nf kyvl aMqr-rfÈtrI pwDr qy hI sgoN sMsfr dy hr dyÈ dy hr iewk nfgrk dI pwDr qy vI zrwÊË dI durvrqoN dI rokQfm leI sfrQk aqy qkVy Xqn krn dI byhwd loV hY.

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