hrijMdr isMG "kMvl"

 

  kfPI dyr qoN iek vfd ivvfd iswK pMQ ivc cilaf af irhf hY ik gurU nfnk dyv jI df pRkfÈ kqwk ivc jF ivsfK ivc hoieaf hY . iswK pMQ bVf hI bdnsIb hY ik iesnUM afpxy jnm dfqy dy pRkfÈ idvs df vI pUrf pUrf igafn nhIN aqy aYsy atkl pcU Audfhrx ijs ivc nf koeI qrk aqy nf hI koeI dlIl huMdI hY keI vfrI idqy jFdy hn jo iek hfso hIxI gl ho jFdI hY .
ivsfK ivc pRkfÈ ilKx vfly sfry ilKfrIaF ny afpxf afDfr s krm isMG ihstorIan dI ikqfb 'kwqk ky ivsfK' nUM bxfieaf hY . s krm isMG jI iek bhuq hI sulJy hoey aqy ivdvfn purÈ sn aqy afpxI axQwk myhnq aqy koiÈÈF dvfrf hI AunHF ny keI ieiqhfsk GuMzIaF nUM KoHilaf . AunHF dI lgn aqy myhnq Auqy koeI ikMqU nhIN kr skdf . ijs qrHF afp jI ny iswK pMQ dI syvf kIqI hY Auh afpxI imsfl afp hI hY . mYN ies lyK nUM awgy vDfAux qoN pihlF AunHF dI ikqfb 'kwqk ky ivsfK' dIaF aKIrlIaF pMgqIaF pyÈ krdf hF :-
"pfTk jI ! jo kuJ mYN kihxf sI afpdI syvf ivc kih idqf hY, afÈf hY ik afp ies sfry lyK nUM inrpwK hoky ivcfrogy aqy dyKogy ik ies ivc ikQoN qIk scfeI aqy ikQoN qIk kicafeI hY . myrf ieh dfhvf nhIN ik jo mYN iliKaf hY, sc hI sc hY, pr ieh mYN afpnUM inscf krvFdf hF ik jo kuJ iliKaf hY mYN afpxI vloN socky iliKaf hY aqy ikqy vI ieh jqn nhIN kIqf ik aKrF dy hyr Pyr jF gpl mol gwlF nfl swcI gwl nUM JUTI iswD krF . mYnUM ivsfK sudI iqMn Auqy hT nhIN, kwqk pUrnmfÈI nfl vYr nhIN, ijs gwl nUM mYN swc smJdf hF Auho afp nUM dwsI hY . afÈf hY ik afp vI pwKpfq qoN rihq hoky inrpwK ivcfr krogy ."
s krm isMG jI dIaF ieh sqrF bhuq hI mhwqv pUrn hn, aqy AunFH dI lgn aqy kfblIaq nUM cfr cMn lfAuNdIaF hn . iek qrk aqy dlIl vflf hI iek awCf KojI sfbq ho skdf hY . pr aPsos ik sfzy keI nvyN aqy keI purfxy vI ilKfrI ies gux qoN vFJy rih gey hn aqy jo iksy iek ilKfrI ny ilK idqf qF Aus Auqy hI mwKI qy mwKI mfr idqI aqy afp Aus ivÈy nUM cMgI qrHF Kojx dI koeI vI koiÈÈ nf kIqI .
pcMnvyN prsYNt ilKfrI ijs ikqfb df iËkr kIqf hovy, Aus nUM pVH ky vI nhIN dyKdy . ieh myrf dfavf hY ik ies ikqfb 'kqk ky ivsfK' nUM vI ievyN hI bhiqaF ilKfrIaF ny pVHnf qF kI vyiKaf qk nhIN hovygf . ieh iesy ikqfb dI gwl nhIN, blky iksy vI hor ikqfb dI gwl ho skdI hY, ijvyN ik slmfn rÈdI dI ikqfb 'stYink vrss' jp Èfied hI iksy muslmfn ny pVHI hovygI pr Aus Auqy rfie sfry muslmfnF ny dy idqI . ieho hI hfl "pruK gurU" bfry hY ik Èfied hI iksy ny pVHI qF iek pfsy pr vyKI qk nhIN aqy Aus bfry afpxy koJy ivcfr ËrUr dy idqy hn . KYr, mYN afpxy asl ivÈy vl afAuNdf hF, aqy ieh drsfAux dI koiÈÈ krdf hF ig gurU sfihb df pRkfÈ kwqk ivc hI hoieaf hY nf ik ivsfK ivc .
pfTkF dy igafn ihq ieh dsxf ËrUrI smJdf hF ik gurU nfnk bfry hI nhIN pr sfry hI gurUaF bfry iqMn iqMn jF cfr cfr jnm idn dy sMmq ilKy imldy hn . gurU nfnk dy iqMn, gurU aMgd dy igafrF, gurU amrdfs dy pMj, gurU arjn jI dy cfr, gurU qyg bhfdr jI dy nON qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dy cfr jnm idn dy sMmq imldy hn . vYsy ieiqhfsk Koj muqfibk jo vI purb rvfieqn mnfieaf jFdf hY Aus nUM hI ÈuwD mMinaf hY .
ieh gwl vI pVHn ivc afAuNdI hy ik kwqk pUrnmfÈI dy jnmy bwcy mMdBfgy huMdy hn ies leI gurU jI df jnm ies idhfVy ivc ho hI nhIN skdf . ieh dlIl vI iblkul inrmUl aqy QoQI hY ikAuNik bfbf atwl rfie jI aqy bfbf guridwqf jI df jnm vI kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI nUM hI hoieaf sI (dyKo, gur iblfs, sUrj pRkfÈ aqy mYkfilP) . BfeI sMqoK isMG jI qF ieQoN qk vI ilLKdy hn ik kwqk pUrnmfÈI vflI rfq jnm hox krky bfbf guridwqf jI gurU nfnk df hI avqfr sMn ikANuik AunHF df ichrf vI hUbhU gurU nfnk vrgf hI jfpdf sI .
joiqÈ ividaf dy aDfr Auqy jy vyiKaf jfvy qF joiqÈ dy iek mhF ivigafnI zf bIvI rfmn ny afpxI pusqk "notybl horoskop" ivc iswD kIqf hY ik gurU nfnk vfrgy mhF purÈ df jnm kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI 1526 nUM hI ho skdf hY ikAuNik ies vyly dy gRih bhuq hI ÈuwD aqy Auwqm hn aqy iksy avqfrI mhFpurÈ df hI jnm ienHF iqQF ivc ho skdf hY, aqy ivsfK sudI qIj df smF kdf icq vI lgnf girhF anusfr TIk nhIN jfpdf . ieh qF ihsfb dI gwl hY, pr BfeI gurdfs jI afpxy iek kibwq ivc ieAuN ilKdy hn :-
"kfrqk mfs ruiq srq pUrnmfÈI,
afT jfm sfT GVI afj qyrI bfrI hY .
aAusr aBIc bhu nfiek kI nfiekf hYv,
rUp gux jobn iÈMgfr aDIkfrI hY .
cfqr cqr pfT, syvk shylI sfT,
sMpdf smgrI suK sihj sMcfrI hY .
suMdr mMdr suB lgn sMjog Bog,
"jIvn jnm DMn" pRIqm ipafrI hY ]345]
ieh kibwq qoN sfP jfihr hY ik kqk pUrnmfÈI bVf hI ÈuB lgnf vflf, aiBjIq aAusr vflf DMnqf Xog idhfVf hY, iesy leI hI bRhmigafnI BfeI gurdfs jI ies idhfVy dI ies qrFH dI mnohr AupmF df viKafn krdy hn .
BfeI gurdfs jI dIaF vfrF nfl hI sMbDq iek hor vfr hY ijs ivc "Gr Gr aMdr Drmsfl hovY kIrqn sdf ivsoaf" Èbd afAuNdy hn, ijs df arQ hY "Gr Gr ivc Drmsfl bx geI qy Èbd kIrqn (ies qrHF) hovy (mfno) awj hI vYsfKI hY (Bfv vYsfKI vFg roË hI iswKF dy Gr KuÈIaF hn) " aqy keI ieiqhfskfrF ny iesnUM gurU nfnk dyv jI dy jnm nfl sMbMiDq kr idqf hY, lyikn ieh iblkul inrmUl gwl hY . ieQy vsoaf df arQ 'vsfKI df idhfVf" hY . koeI vI ieiqhfs gurU jI df pRkfÈ ivsfKI df nhIN dsdf . ivsfK sudI qIj ivsfKI qoN keI hPqy pihlF afAuNdI hY.
BfeI gurmuK isMG jI isMG sBf vfly aqy s krm isMG jI ny afpxIaF ibafnIaF ivc ieh gwl khI ik ieh iqEhfr ivsfK sudI qIj nUM hI mnfieaf jFdf sI pr isMG sBf lihr dy aAux nfl ieh iqEhfr kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI nUM mnfAuxf ÈurU hoieaf . ies bfry koeI vI ieiqhfs jF ilKqI sbUq Auplbd nhIN jo ieh gwl nUM swcf sfbq kr sky, pr sfzy pfs anykF hI sbUq hn ky gurU nfnk dyv jI qoN bfHd sfry gurUaF dy kfl smy aqy iswK rfj qk pMjfb aqy dUsry pRFqF ivc gurU jI df jnm Ausv hmyÈF hI kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI nUM mnfieaf jFdf sI . BfeI mnI isMG jI dI ilKI hoeI iek 'sfKI poQI' hY ijs ivc gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI iek sfKI ieAUN afAuNdI hY, " dIvflI df mylf afieaf, sMgqF afeIaF . gurU jI bcn kIqf pMdrF idn ieQy hor rihxf hY . gurU nfnk jI kf pUrixmF kf purb kr ky cVHFgy . gurU jI kf purb hY, pRÈfd kro, qsmeI vI qy kVfh vI . hor pUrI kcAurI vI . idn cVHdy nUM pMgqF ibTf idqIaF . iswK, sfD, bRfhmx, PkIr, sBnF dIaF . pUrixmF df jwg pUrf hoieaf ." bnfrs, Zfky, jgn nfQ purI, rfmyÈvrm, aqy hor sfry pRFqF ivc aqy sfry gurU nfnk sMBMDI ieiqhfsk gurDfmF dy sQfnk irkfrzF aqy rvfieqF ieh iswD krdIaF hn ik ih ÈuB idhfVf kqk dI pUrnmfÈI nUM hI mnfieaf jFdf sI .
hor pRmfx guriblfs pf: CyvIN ivc iek iËkr hY ik gurU hrgoibMd sfihb jI ny sMgqF nUM afiKaf ky vsfKI af rhI hY AusnUM bVI DUm Dfm nfl mnfAuxf hY . jy gurU nfnk jI df pRkfÈ ivsfK ivc huMdf qF gurU hrgoibMd sfihb vYsfKI nUM ieqnI mhwqqf nf idMdy aqy ËrUr hI gurU nfnk pRkfÈ idhfVy df iËkr krdy aqy ies idhfVy nUM vYsfKI qoN iËafdf proHVqf idMdy .
awj kl dy ilKfrIaF ny s krm isMG jI dI hI gwl mMnky ieh afK Cizaf hY ik BfeI bfly dI jnm sfKI qoN isvf hor iksy vI pRfcIn ilKq ivc gurU sfihb jI df jnm kqk pUrnmfÈI nhIN iliKaf . ieh iblkul inrmUl gwl hY ikAuNik hyT idqIaF sfrIaF ilKqF jo purfxy ieiqhfskfrF dIaF mOilk rcnfvF hn ivc gurU jI df pRkfÈ kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI hI aMkq hY :-
1 BfeI gurdfs jI df kibwq 345 (jo ipCy af cuwkf hY)
2 sfKI poQI (ijs bfr vI ipCy disaf hY ) .
3 gRMQ bfbf ibnod isMG jI : ieh mhFpurÈ gurU aMgd dyv jI dI sMqfn ivcoN sn . ieh AunHF pMjF ipafiraF ivcoN sn ijnHF dy pMcfieqI hukm aDIn bfbf bMdy bhfdr nUM rihx df hukm sI . ieh BfeI mnI isMG vrgI mhFn hsqI qy qwq Kflsy dy muKI afgU sn . gurU nfnk dyv jI dy pRkfÈ bfry ies gRMQ ivc ieMJ ilKdy hn :-
"AUrj mfs kI pUrnmfÈI ]
hir kIrq sI jOn pRkfÈI ]
sMmq nO Kwt sihs CbIsf ]BY avqfr pRgt jgdIÈf ]"
4 s kysr isMG iCwbr: bMsfvlI nfmf (1780 eI) qy gurpRxflI :
"sMmq 1526 Bey . qb bfbf nfnk sfihb jnm ley . mhF kfrqk idn cfr . puinMaF rfq gurU nfnk lInf avqfr ."
5 sMq gulfb isMG inrmlf - 1753 eI: .
6 gur iblfs pfqÈfhI 6 - 1797 eI: .
7 sMq isMG iCwbr - jnm sfKI bfbf nfnk - 18vIN sdI df aMq .
8 BfeI sMqoK isMG jI cUVfmix kvI - nfnk pRkfÈ 1832 eI .
9 gulfb isMG aMimRqsr : gur pRnflI kivqf qy vfrqk - 1851 eI: ilKdy hn ik pRmfixk jnm sfKIaF qy gurU nfnk cMdRdoX qy gur pRxflIaF ivc kwqk pUrnmfÈI jnm idn iliKaf hY, pr imhrbfn mIxy ny vsfK sudI qIj iliKaf . ienHF ivcoN gulfb isMG spÈt krdf hY ik kqk pUrnmfÈI hI asl hY . ieh inrxf Auh 1853 eI: ivc idMdf hY .
10 inhfl isMG, gurmuK isMG - "KurÈId Kflsf" 1890 eI: .
11 KËfn isMG - siqguru ko vMs .
12 kvI sODf - 'gurU bMsfvlI' .
13 pMzq qfrf isMG nroqm - 'gurU qIrQ sMgRh' 1884 eI: .
14 jyzI kinMGm - "ey istrI afP dI iswKs" -1848 eI: .
15 ig igafn isMG jI - "qvfrIK gurU Kflsf : pMQ pRkfÈ : gurqIrQ sMgRih - 1891 eI: .
16 prcIaF syvf dfs - 18vI sdI .
17 ÈrDfrfm iPlOrI- "iswKF dy rfj dI iviQaf" 1899 eI: .
18 bRhmnMd suafmI - "sRI nfnk cMdRdoX stIk" 1884 eI : .
19 rfm nfrfiex - "gurU cMdrdoX kAumudI" 1884 eI: .
20 bfbf sumyr isMG ptny vfly - "pRym pRkfÈ purfx", "sRI bydI bMsoqm shMsR .
21 KËfn isMG - 'ihstrI aMNz iPlfsPI afP dI isKs" .
22 syvf rfm isMG - "izvfeINn mfstr" .
pfTk AuprilaF gRMQF jo ik iswK ieiqhfs dI rIHV dI hwzI hn qoN aMdfËf lf skdy hn ik gurU sfihb dy jnm df jo BulyKf pfieaf igaf hY ieh gRMQ Aus bKyVy df sUqR pUrv hwl idMdy hn .
ivsfK sudI qIj df jnm idn imhrbfn dI jnmsfKI aqy iesqoN pRBfvq hoeIaF kyvl do iqMn hI hor jnm sfKIaF hn, ijs ivc ieho hI qrIk ilKI imldI hY . ieh soZI imhrbfn, gurU arjn dyv jI dy kwtV ivroDI Brf iprQIey df puqr sI . BfeI kfHn isMG jI nfBf jI ny ies bfry mhfn koÈ ivc ieMJ iliKaf hY " bfbf iprQI cMd df puwqr jo idvfny ByK df muKIaf hoieaf . ies ny BI ipqf vFg gurU sfihb nfl JgVf riKaf ar iek jnm sfKI sRI gurU nfnk dyv jI dI ilKI ijs ivc bhuq bfqF gurmq ivrwuD hn ." iesny afpxy afp nUM vI iek pMgqI ivc gurU khfieaf hY ijvyN
" dIn idXfl srinkf sUrf ] gurU imhrvfnu scu Bgiq kmfeI ]"
hux pfTk jn ivcfr kr lYx ky ieho jhy Èks dI ilKqF Auqy iknF ku Brosf kIqf jf skdf hY .
iesy hI qrHF gurU sfihb jI df joqI joq smOx dy idn sMBDI vI anykF BulyKy pfey jfdy hn . purfxIaF 17vI aqy 18vIN sdI dIaF hwQ ilKq bIVF dy afDfr qy jy dyKIey qF gurU kfl ivc ilKIaF sfrIaF bIVF Aupr asU vdI 10, 1596 ib: iliKaf hoieaf imldf hY . ienHF bIVF ivc krqfrpur vflI bIV aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Kfs dsqKqF vflIaF bIVf vI Èfiml hn . eynf sbUq huMidaF hoieaF vI keI ieiqhfskfrF ny purfqn jnmsfKI nUM hI ielhfmI swc mMn ik asU sudI 10 nUM hI gurU jI df joqI joq idvs qslIm kr ilaf hY . iesy hI qrFH vYsfK sudI qIj nUM jnm idn prvfn kr ilaf . zf qrlocn isMG jI afpxI ikqfb "jIvn cirqR gurU nfnk" ivc iËkr krdy hn ik AunHf pfs do bIVF hn jo guru dsmyÈ jI dy kfl dIaF hn . AunHF ivcoN iek bIV ivc dsm ipqf jI dy hsq kMvlF dy icMMn hn, aqy ienHF donF bIVF ivc gurU nfnk dyv jI df joqI joq smfAuxf asU vdI 10 1596 ib: sM : (7 sqMbr 1539 eI;) iliKaf hY . ijnHF Aupr dsy ieiqhfsF ivc kqwk dI pUrnmfÈI jnm iliKaf hY AunHF sfiraf ny joqI joq smfAux dI qrIk vI ieho hI ilKI hY (asU vdI 10 1596 ib - 7 sqMbr 1539 eI:)
BfeI mnI isMG jI dI ilLKI hoeI bIV ivc vI asU vdI 10 AunHF iliKaf hY pr bfHd ivc AunHF dI ilKI jnmsfKI ivc asU sudI 10 iliKaf imldf hY. ieh iksy aKypkfr df kMm hy ijsny mIxy myhrbfn vflI jnmsfKI nUM swcf sfibq krn leI kIqf, ikANuiNk pwQr dy Cfpy dI iek BfeI mnI isMG jI dI jnmsfKI 1892 eI; ivc CpI ijs ivc gurU sfihb jI df jnm kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI hI iliKaf imldf hY . iesy hI jnmsfKI ivc iliKaf hY :-
" BfvyN BfeI mnI isMG dIaF keI jnm sfKIaF ivc vYsfK df mhInf iliKaf hY, pRMqU BfrI bihs krn nfl ar aYsI rIq dvfrf ik ijs nUM koeI isMG jF iswK mMnx qoN ienkfr nhIN kr skdf : Auh ieh ik gurU gRMQ dy hËUr icwTIaF pfky kqk df mhInf iswD hoieaf ; ar srkfr gvrnmYNt ny vI ieho hI idn insicq krky Kflsy leI CuwtI dyxI prvfn kIqI hY . eys leI vYsfK dI QF kqk ÈuD smJxf cfhIey . ar kqk hI sfry prvfx ar mMinaf jFdf hY ." ieh awj qoN qkrIbn sO sfl ho gey hn jd ky BfeI gurmK isMG ny ieh kwqk qy vYsfK df JgVf ÈurU kIqf sI aqy Aus vyly dy pMQ dy mhF purÈF, ivdvfnF ny iekwTy hoky ieh Auprly PYsly nUM Pul cVHfey sn, aqy kwqk dI pUrnmfÈI nUM guru jI df pRkfÈ pUrb mMinaf sI . kI ieh Auprlf PYslf jo iswKF dy ieÈt dy sfhmxy hoieaf hY Auh iswKF nUM apRvfn hY ?

 

 

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