lyKk aqy smfj
myjr mFgt

lyKk aqy smfj
{soiDaf hoieaf rUp}

- myjr mFgt

lyKk aqy smfj df irÈqf bVf gUVHf hY. lyKk smfj ivwc rih ky ijs klf nMU jnm idMdf hY, Auh sfihq aKvfAuNdI hY. sfihq, jo smfj df ÈIÈf hY. ies sLIÈy ivwc smfj afpxy suhwpx jF krUpqf nMU iblkuwl Ausy qrHF vyK skdf hY, ijs qrHF df Auh hY. lyKk aqy smfj dI nyVqf ies gwloN vI bhuq iËafdf hY ik ijs smfj ivwc Auh pYdf huMdf, ijs smfj qoN Auh jIx df ZMg iswKdf hY, Aus ivwc rih ky Ausy nMU bdlx dI koisLÈ krdf hY, qF jo smfj hor vI cMgyrf ho sky. lyKk ijwQy afm lokF nfloN dlyr huMdf hY, AuWQy Aus ivwc sUKmqf aqy anuBv vI kuwJ vDyry hI huMdf hY. ijnHF gwlF nUM sDfrn bMdf awKoN proKy kr jFdf, Auh lyKk dI nËr qoN nhIN bc skdIaF. jy ikqy mnuwKqf mrdI hY jF Aus nfl dur-ivvhfr huMdf hY qF iewk lyKk hI bVy sfhs nfl Ëflm nMU vMgfr ky afK skdf hY:

pfp kI jMÖ lY kfbloN Dfieaf
jorIN mMgy dfn vy lflo
Drm krm doey Cwp Kloey
kUV iPry prDfn vy lflo
jF
eyqI mfr peI kurlfxy
qYN kI drd nf afieaf
(sRI gurU nfnk dyv jI )

lyKk ijwQy Ëflm nUM vMgfrdf hY aqy Aus nMU Ëulm krn qoN bfjL afAux leI kihMdf hY, AuWQy Auh smfj df hr pwKo pihrydfr vI hY. Auh smfj nMU brbfdI vl jFdf vyK nhIN skdf. iesy pRkfr sRI gurU nfnk dyv jI sdIaF qoN lqfVI aqy Ëulm df iÈkfr hoeI aOrq dy hwk ivc avfË AuTfAuNdy kihMdy hn :-

so ikAuN mMdf afKIey
ijq jMmy rfjfn .

lyKk ny smyN-smyN anusfr smfj dy koJ nMU bVI sÌlqf nfl icwqr ky Aus nMU shI idÈf vl qorn df Xqn kIqf hY . iewk ÌrË lyKk df ieh vI hY ik ijs smfj ivwc Auh rihMdf hY, Aus dI kyvl hU-b-hU qsvIr hI Auh afpxy smkflIaF awgy pyÈ nhIN krdf sgoN aglIaF pIVHIaF qwk vI smfj dI Auh qsvIr phuMcFdf hY. ijvyN ik Aus smyN Drm df kI rol sI, rfjnIqI smfj nMU ikvyN pRBfvq krdI sI, lokF dy rIqI irvfj aqy rihx-sihx ikho ijhf sI. AunHF df suBfa aqy mnpRcfvy dy sfDn ikho ijhy sn. vfirÈ Èfh duafrf ricq iksf hIr vfirÈ Èfh aMdr sfnMU Aus smyN dy smfj df BrpUr icqrx imldf hY. ies ivwc ijwQy Auh (lyKk) lok rucIaF df vrnx krdf hY, AuWQy jgIrdfrI smfj dIaF bMidÈF nMU vI ibafn krdf hY ik ikvyN iewk aOrq leI ipafr krnf jF juafnI sbMDI supny pflxy gunfh sI. ikvyN mrd pRDfn smfj aOrq nMU afpxI inwjI jfiedfd smJ ky Aus nMU kbËy ivwc rwKx dI koisLÈ krdf sI . iewk QF sUÌI Èfier bfbf buwly Èfh Aus smyN dy smfj ivwc Dfrimk dMB df pfj ieAuN AuGfVdf hY :-

buwilHaf DrmÈflf DfVvI rihMdy
Tfkr duafry Twg
ivwc msIqF rihx ksfeI
qy afÈk rihx alwg .

ies pRkfr lyKk dI ikrq ivwc smyN df srv-pwKI icqrx huMdf hY, jo sdIaF qwk sFiBaf rihMdf hY. ies qoN pRyrxf lY ky hI afAux vflf smfj afpxIaf kdrF kImqF imwQdf qy agFh vl qurdf hY. purfqn vydF ivwc lyKk nMU irÈI df drjf idwqf igaf hY, jo Aus smyN smfj sB qoN AWucf aqy siqkfr Xog drjf sI. AudoN vI lyKk vDIaf smfj isrjxhfrf mMinaf jFdf sI. afpxI bhu-cricq pusqk 'myrf dfigsqfn' ivwc iek QF rUsI lyKk 'rsUl hmËfqov' ilKdf hY, 'Èfier sMsfr dI AuqpqI qoN sO sfl pihlF jnimaf sI, ikAuNik lyKk hI smfj ivwc shI jF glq df inrxf kr ky cMgIaF kdrF kImqF sQfipq kr skdf hY . lyKk kdI vI smfj vwloN mUMh moV ky nhIN jI skdf . kfzvYWl df ivcfr hY, "klf moqI dy Aus dfxy smfn hY jo smfj rUpI iswpI ivwc pYdf huMdI hY." ies krky lyKk hI hY ijs nMU smfj df sB qoN vDyry iDafn rihMdf hY. Auh smfj dI sQUl smgwrI ivwcoN sUKm BfvnfvF pYdf kr ky lokF dy idlF nMU tuMbdf hY ikAuNik shI arQF ivwc Auh lokF df hmdrd huMdf hY.

asl ivwc smfj rUpI byVI df mlfh huMdf jo hmyÈf socdf rihMdf hY ik Ausny ies byVI nMU qUPfnF qoN bcf ky iks idÈf vl lY ky jfxf hY. Auh iek cMgy mlfh vFg afpxy bfry Gwt aqy byVI dy pUr bfry ijLafdf socdf hY, Bfv inwj nfloN smUh nMU ibhqr bxfAuxf locdf hY, jd ik afm bMdf aijhf nhIN socdf.

lyKk iek nroaf smfj isrjx leI lokF nMU mfnisk qOr qy iqafr krdf hY. koeI vI dyÈ iksy iksm dI kRFqI bfry soc vI nhIN skdf ijMnI dyr AuWQoN dy lok mfnisk qOr qy Aus kRFqI bfry iqafr nf hox . lokF dy mn bdlx ivwc lyKk dIaF ikRqF ikMnIaF shfeI ho skdIaF hn ies gwl df aMdfËf asIN 1917 eI: dI rUsI smfjvfdI kRFqI leI pihlF rcy gey sfihq qoN lf skdy hF. ies kRFqI leI mYkism gorkI, eIvfn qurgynyv , dosqoievskI , lIAu qflsqfie , puÈikn aqy gogol afid lyKkF dIaF ilKqF ny hI ËmIn iqafr kr ky ies ivwc kRFqI df bIj boieaf sI, ijs krky smfjvfdI ZFcf Ausiraf. kfrl mfrks ny smfj ivigafnI lyKk hox dy nfqy jo smfjvfd df isDFq idwqf, Auh dunIaf Br aMdr imhnqkÈ lokF nMU AuWpr ilafAux aqy smfj dy sMklp nMU bdlx ivwc bhuq shfeI hoieaf. jo kuJ iewk lyKk smfj nMU bdlx leI afpxI klm dI qfkq nfl kr skdf hY, Auh koeI aOrMgjLyb, ihtlr jF abdflI vrgf bfdÈfh afpxI qfkq, qlvfr jF bMdUk dy jLor nfl nhIN kr skdf ikAuNik 'klm qlvfr nfloN iËafdf ÈkqIÈflI hY.' sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI vwloN aOrMgËyb nMU ilK ky Byijaf 'jLÌrnfmf' ies gwl dI gvfhI Brdf hY.

lyKk df mhwqv AudoN sMsfr leI hor vI vD igaf, jdoN 1935 eI: ivc pYirs ivKy eI[ aYm[ Pfrstr dI pRDfngI hyT sMsfr Br dy lyKkF ny iml ky 'pROgrYWisv rfeItrË aYsosIeyÈn' (Progressive Writers' Association) df smfgm krvfieaf. ies ivc hdfieq kIqI geI ik lyKk df mnorQ dwby kuclLy lokF leI sMGrÈ krnf hY. luwty jfx vfilaF dI bMd KlfsI leI jUJxf hY. lyKk dI klf isrÌ klf leI hI nhIN sgoNN jIvn leI hY. lyKk 'klf klf leI hY' dy isDFq nUM Cwz ky, 'klf jIvn leI hY' dy isDFq nUM apxfvy. pRiswD ivdvfn kfzvYWl ny lyKk nUM Ausdy PrËF qoN jfxU krvfAuNdy hoey ikhf hY ik "ieh smyN dI mMg hY ik klfkfr nUM klf dy Kyqr ivc sLoiÈq vrg df nyqf hoxf cfhIdf hY." Bfv ijs smfj ivwcoN lyKk kwcf msflf lYNdf hY, Aus nUM vDIaf bxfAux df Xqn kry. ikAuNik sfihqkfr hI shI ÈbdF ivc jnqf df pRqIinD huMdf hY.

pYirs vrgf smfgm hI jdoN Bfrq dy iewk Èihr lKnAU ivc zf[ mulk rfj afnMd dI pRDfngI hyT hoieaf qF sfzy BfrqI lyKkF ny vI smfj nUM sohxf bxfAux dy XqnF ivc ilKxf ÈurU kIqf. nfvlkfr nfnk isMG ny afpxy nfvlF ivc smfj suDfirk ivÈy cuxy aqy afpxy pfTkF nUM smfj ivc PYlIaF kurIqIaF qoN jfxU krvfieaf. nfnk isMG afpxy nfvlF ivc lokF nUM ies gwl leI JMjoVdf hY ik Auh Drm dI glq vrqoN, vysvf puxf, CUq Cfq, jfq pfq, nÈf syvn aqy aOrq AuWqy jLulm vrgIaF kurIqIaF qoN dUr rihx, nhIN qF ieh byhwd Kqrnfk ho skdIaF hn aqy smfj nUM inGfr skdIaF hn. iesy pRkfr 1947 eI: ivc Bfrq-vMz dy duKFq smyN jo smfj dI durdÈf hoeI Aus nUM aimRqf pRIqm ny 'mYN qvfrIK hF ihMd dI', nfnk isMG ny 'KUn dy soihly' aqy 'awg dI Kyz', sohx isMG sIql ny 'eIcoigl nihr qwk' afid vrgIaF rcnfvF ivc ijAuN df iqAuN icwqr ky smfj dy BYVy ikrdfr nUM nMgf kIqf. iesy pRkfr smyN-smyN hr dOr ivc lyKk smfj dy guxF, aOgxF aqy smwisafvF nUM icwqr ky AunHF df shI hwl lwBx ivc shfeI huMdf hY. smfj nUM AuWnq idÈf vwl lY ky jfxf hI lyKk dI sB qoN vwzI smfj nUM dyx hY.

rUsI ivdvfn aYm[ KrfpcYNko afpxI pusqk 'lyKk dI rcxeI sLÉsIaq' ivc ilKdf hY ik "lyKk aqy ivigafnI smfj nUM rlL ky Ausfrdy hn, agr ieh cMgy hoxgy qF smfj cMgf Ausrygf, agr ieh mfVy hoxgy qF mfVf." mfVy lyKk GtIaf, sqhI jF cfplUsI krn vrgf sfihq ilK ky smfj nUM inGfr vwl lY jFdy hn ikAuNik smfj Aus smyN sfihq qoN sB qoN vwD pRBfivq huMdf hY. ijvyN asIN purfqn jnm sfKIaF ivc pVHdy hF ik kOzy rfkÈ, swjx Twg, milk Bfgo, pfKMzI iswD jogI, vihmF-BrmF ivc zsy pMizq gurU nfnk sfihb dI rcnf sux ky afpxy jIx df ZMg bdl lYNdy hn. AunHF dI bfxI hr iksy nUM pRBfivq krdI hY. ies ivwcoN pVHn vfly nUM rUhfnI suK ÈFqI imldI hY. iewk sÌl rcnfkfr dI rcnf df smfj AuWpr iesy qrHF df hI asr pYxf cfhIdf hY. koeI smfj ikMnf ku ivksq hY, jF Aus ivc rihx vfly pRfxIaF df mfnisk sqr ikMnf ku AuWcf hY, ieh gwl Aus smfj ivc rcy jfx vfly sfihq qoN BlI BFq pqf lwg jFdI hY ikAuNik -

"sfihq smfj df ÈIÈf huMdf hY."

ieh Auh hI pRqIibMbq krdf hY jo vrqfrf smfj ivc vfprdf hY. dunIaf dy mhfn mnuwK smfj ivc rcIaF afpxIaF rcnfvF krky hI mhfn hn, ikANuik iksy smyN AunHF dI ilKq ny smfj nUM byhwd pRBfvq kIqf huMdf hY. ijvyN bfbf PrId, bfbf buwlHy Èfh, arsqU, plYto, rUso, kfrl mfrks, zfrivn, Prfiez, sukrfq, kfmUM, nIqÈy, aYzlr aqy juMg afid lyKkF dIaF ilKqF ny smuwcy sMsfr dI rUp ryKf bdl idwqI aqy lokF dI socxI nUM nvF rUp idwqf. lyKkF dIaF ilKqF pIVHI dr pIVHI smfj ivc sÌr krdIaF hn. ienHF nUM smyN dI DUV, mOsmF dI qbdIlI jLflm dy hiQafr kdI vI Éqm nhIN kr skdy. purfqn ilKqF swiBafcfr df axmol KËfnf huMdIaF hn, ijnHF qoN nvF-Ausfrn vflf smfj bVf kuwJ iswK skdf hY.

"lyKk smfj df zfktr huMdf hY." ijvyN iewk zfktr smfj aMdr rih ky plLdf, iswiKaf pRfpq krdf aqy aOËfr lY ky Ausy smfj dIaF ibmfrIaF nUM dUr krdf hY. lyKk iesy smfj ivc rihMdf hoieaf, smfj ivwcoN hI sfrf kuwJ gRihx krdf hoieaf afpxI klm dy qyË nÈqr nfl smfj dy ijsm AuWqy PYly burfeIaF rUpI 'nfsUr' df apRyÈn krdf hY. lyKk iek ieMjnIar vI hY, ijs nUM pqf huMdf hY ik smfj dI sucwjI AusfrI leI ikhVI sfmwgrI ikwQy vrqI jfxI hY. ikhVI iewt ikwQy lwgxI hY. ikhVf Qmlf ikwQy KVHf hoxf hY aqy ikhVI Cwq kdoN pYxI hY. Auh smfj rUpI iblizMg dI AusfrI aMdr vrqy jfx vfly GtIaf smfn nUM BMzdf hY, Aus AuWqy ivaMg kwsdf hY aqy Aus nUM rokx df Xqn krdf hY. smfijk AusfrI aMdr pnpIaF lhU-pIxIaF jokF vwl aMimRqf pRIqm afpxf iDafn ies qrHF kyNidRq krdI hY:-

do DiVaF ivc DrqI vMzI
iek mihlF df iek ZokF df
do DiVaF ivc Klkq vMzI
iek lokF df iek jokF df.

lyKk iewk aijhf mflI vI hY jo smfj rUpI bUty nUM ÈbdF dy pfxI nfl isMjdf hY, qF jo ies nUM nykI dy Puwl lwg skx. Auh smfj leI Aus rfh drsfAU dI qrHF hY jo iek pfTk nUM smuwcy pRbMD dI hr glI aMdr leI iPrdf hY ik kI mfVf hY aqy kI cMgf hY. nflL dI nflL iewk cMgy gfeIz (Guide) vFg Auh ieh vI ieÈfry krdf hY ik kI hoxf cfhIdf hY aqy kI nhIN. Auh ijs mMiËl qy smfj nUM lY ky jfxf cfhuMdf hY, Aus bfry inrMqr lokF nUM mfnisk qOr qy iqafr krdf hY. Auh jfxdf huMdf hY ik afAux vfly smyN ivc smfj nUM awgy vDx leI ikhVIaF bMidÈF qoVnIaF pYxgIaF, ikhVy hwkF dI rfKI krnI pvygI aqy ikho ijhy irÈqy Ausfrny hoxgy. jdoN Auh afpxIaF aYks-ry nËrF nfl smfj dI PotogrfPI krdf hY qF koeI vI BYV AusdIaF nËrF qoN bc nhIN skdf. ijvyN kulvMq nIloN afpxI ÊËl dy Èyar ivc Dfrimk dMB df pfj ies qrHF AuDyVdf hY:-

Do Do roË ipafAuNdf sI ijsdy crnF df aMimRq
Aus rfDf nUM dfrU pI ky cumMdf irhf pujfrI rfq.

lyKk dI klf dy lYNjL ijwQy vI Poks ho jFdy hn Auh Gtnf, Auh vsqU, Auh siQqI BFbV bx ky blL AuWTdI hY; ijs dIaF lftF df syk smuwcf smfj mihsUs krdf hY. iek pRgqIÈIl lyKk burfeIaF dI dldl ivc Psy smfj nUM bfhr kwZx dI koiÈÈ krdf hY. Auh mwDkflI dOr dI ivcfrDfrf vFg ieh gwl mMnx leI iqafr nhIN ik mnuwK iksy dYvI ÈkqI duafrf DrqI qy suwitaf qrsXog pRfxI hY, jo afpxy ipCly jnmF dI sËf Bugq irhf hY. sgoN Auh qF mnuwK nUM mhfn smJdf hY. Ausdf AudyÈ mnuwKqf nUM kfiem rwKxf hY . khfxIkfr kulvMq isMG ivrk lyKk dy iesy suBfa nUM pyÈ krdf hoieaf kihMdf hY, "Auh (lyKk) hmyÈf grIbF df sfQI hY ikAuNik hor lokF nfloN Aus nUM grIbI df aihsfs aqy duwK vDyry huMdf hY." lyKk dI phuMc ivakqIgq Gwt aqy smUihk vDyry huMdI hY, Auh smuwcI jnqf dy duwK-pIV aqy smwisafvF leI vDyry iPkrmMd rihMdf hY. Auh afpxI klm nfl burI mfniskqf nUM jVHoN AuKfVn leI iek iemfndfr mËdUr vFg kMm krdf rihMdf hY.

awj dy ivigafnk juwg ivc qF lyKk df mhwqv hor vI vD igaf hY. pRmfxU jMg, iBRÈtfcfr, nÈIly pdfrQ, smgilMg, sLoÈxbfjLI vrgy axigxq Kqry smfj nUM icMbVy hoey hn, ijnHF df hwl iksy Dnfz mnuwK jF Dnfz dyÈ ny nhIN krnf sgoN klfkfrF dI klf hI lokF nUM mfnisk qOr qy ienHF iKlfP jUJx leI pRcMz krygI. klm dI ÈkqI ijwQy hnyrIaF JuwgIaF nUM rOÈn krn dy smrwQ hY, AuWQy jLflm bfdÈfhF nUM rfj gwdIaF qoN Auqfrn dy vI smrwQ hY. ijwQy qlvfr df vfr nhIN ho skdf, golI dI mfr nhIN ho skdI, sUrj dI rOÈnI nhIN phuMc skdI, AuWQy iek lyKk dI klpnf jF klm dI ÈkqI puwj jFdI hY. Auh prdy ipwCy ho rhIaF GtnfvF aqy AunHF siQqIaF qoN afpxy lokF nUM jfxU krvfAuNdf hY. ajokf lyKk mhfrfijaF dI Èfn ivc ksIdy ilK ky squMÈt nhIN huMdf, sgoN Auh qF rfijaF-mhfrfijaF dy Êlq ivvhfr leI AunHF nUM vMgfrdf hY. Aus dI rcnf df aDfr Auh sDfrn lok huMdy hn ijnHF dI igxqI smfj ivc bhuq ijLafdf huMdI hY. Auh ienHF dy hI duwK qklIÌF AulIkx ivc afpxf PrË smJdf hY. pRiswD khfxIkfr sMqoK isMG DIr ilKdf hY ik 'svyr hox qwk' afid khfxIaF ilK ky myrf PrË bx igaf lgdf hY ik mYnUM ËrUr khfxIaF ilKxIaF cfhIdIaF hn, qF jo jIvn ivc ivcrdy myrI DrqI dy lok ieMn-ibMn myrIaF khfxIaF ivc af skx.

lyKk dIaF rcnfvF awgy vkq suMgV jFdf hY, srhwdF ismt jFdIaF hn. smuwcf sMsfr iek ibMdU AuWqy kyNdirq ho jFdf hY. Aus dI lyKxI pwQr juwg qoN ivigafnk juwg qwk smyN dy nfl-nfl qurdI afeI hY aqy iesdy nfl ivkfs krdI rhI hY. iksy vyly mnuwK ny BfvnfvF df pRgtf kIqf hovygf. iPr ienHF BfvnfvF nUM sLbdF ivc ZfilLaf hovygf. ieh sLbd-joV vfk bxy hoxgy aqy pusqkF df rUp Dfrdy rhy hoxgy, ijnHF ny smfj dI kfieaf klp kr idwqI. AudoN qoN awj qwk BMzfrF dy BMzfr pusqkF lyKkF vloN smfj nUM idwqIaF geIaF hn, ijnHF nUM pVH ky mnwuK aYnf isafxf ho igaf hY ik awj sUrj, cMd aqy qfry Aus dy rihm qy inrBr hn. smuwcI pRfikrqI Aus dy awgy hwQ joVI KVHI jfpdI hY. iewQoN qwk phuMcx leI mnuwK ny jo igafn hfsl kIqf hY, sMsfr df Auh smuwcf igafn pusqkF ivc bMd hY. ijnHF dy rcxhfry lyKk hn. ÈbdF dI ÈkqI nUM iDafn ivc rwK ky rUsI lyKk rsUl hmËfqov ilKdf hY ik "jy awj dunIaF ivc Èbd nF huMdy qF ies df rUp kuwJ hor hoxf sI." Auh Èbd ijnHF dI vrqoN iek lyKk krdf hY, Auh Èbd jo smfj nUM isrjx ivc shfeI huMdy hn.

* * * * *